What Are Augmented Chords?
An augmented chord is a three-note triad consisting of:
- Root: The starting note of the chord.
- Major third: An interval four semitones above the root.
- Augmented fifth: An interval eight semitones above the root (a sharpened fifth).
For example, in C augmented (C+):
| Note | Interval | Semitones from Root |
|---|---|---|
| C | Root | 0 |
| E | Major third | 4 |
| G# | Augmented fifth | 8 |
The augmented chord’s structure (consisting of two stacked major thirds) creates unresolved tension, making it ideal for transitions and dramatic effects.
Historical Context
Augmented chords gained prominence during the Romantic era, with composers like Franz Liszt and Richard Wagner using them for dramatic and emotional depth.
In jazz and popular music, augmented chords serve as versatile tools for chromatic movement or dominant substitutions. They’re found in jazz standards, blues, and even iconic rock songs like The Beatles’ “Oh! Darling” and Queen’s “Bohemian Rhapsody.”
How Augmented Chords Work
The theory of augmented chords revolves around their unique interval structure. Here’s a breakdown:
| Chord | Notes | Intervals | Function |
|---|---|---|---|
| C+ | C – E – G# | Root, Major 3rd, #5 | Leads to Am, E, or F#min |
| G+ | G – B – D# | Root, Major 3rd, #5 | Resolves to C major or minor |
| A+ | A – C# – E# (F) | Root, Major 3rd, #5 | Modulates to D major or minor |
Their symmetry allows augmented chords to connect unrelated keys or create chromatic movement within a progression.
Common Uses in Music
- Chromatic Transitions
Augmented chords often act as a bridge between diatonic chords, providing a smooth chromatic lift. For example, in the key of C major, an augmented chord can create a seamless transition between C and G. - Dominant Substitution
Substituting a dominant chord with an augmented chord adds brightness and tension to the progression.
Example: In a progression like G7, replacing it with G augmented can create a more vivid resolution. - Pivot Chord for Modulation
Augmented chords are effective pivot points for modulating between keys.
Example with C+:- Resolves to A minor: C – E – G# → A – C – E.
- Resolves to E major: C – E – G# → E – G# – B.
- Jazz and Blues Alterations
Augmented chords appear as altered dominants in jazz, such as G7#5 in ii-V-I progressions.
Practical Tips for Using Augmented Chords
- Experiment with Resolutions: Try resolving augmented chords to major or minor chords a half-step away.
- Use Sparingly: Overuse can reduce their impact—place them strategically for emotional or tonal shifts.
- Explore Inversions: Playing augmented chords in inversions adds variety and subtlety.
| Chord | Root Position | 1st Inversion | 2nd Inversion |
|---|---|---|---|
| C+ | C – E – G# | E – G# – C | G# – C – E |
Famous Examples of Augmented Chords
- Classical: As already mentioned in the introduction, Wagner’s “Tristan und Isolde” uses augmented harmonies for unresolved tension.
- Jazz: Duke Ellington’s “Take the A Train” features augmented chords in its voicings.
- Pop/Rock: The Beatles’ “Oh! Darling” uses an augmented chord to heighten emotional delivery.
Conclusion
Augmented chords are a powerful tool for adding color, tension, and movement to compositions. Their symmetrical structure and inherent instability make them versatile in classical, jazz, and modern music. You can elevate your harmonic language and musical expression by mastering their construction and uses.
